Description of toggle

0001 function mpc = toggle_reserves(mpc, on_off)
0002 %TOGGLE_RESERVES Enable, disable or check status of fixed reserve requirements.
0003 %   MPC = TOGGLE_RESERVES(MPC, 'on')
0004 %   MPC = TOGGLE_RESERVES(MPC, 'off')
0005 %   T_F = TOGGLE_RESERVES(MPC, 'status')
0006 %
0007 %   Enables, disables or checks the status of a set of OPF userfcn
0008 %   callbacks to implement co-optimization of reserves with fixed zonal
0009 %   reserve requirements.
0010 %
0011 %   These callbacks expect to find a 'reserves' field in the input MPC,
0012 %   where MPC.reserves is a struct with the following fields:
0013 %       zones   nrz x ng, zone(i, j) = 1, if gen j belongs to zone i
0014 %                                      0, otherwise
0015 %       req     nrz x 1, zonal reserve requirement in MW
0016 %       cost    (ng or ngr) x 1, cost of reserves in $/MW
0017 %       qty     (ng or ngr) x 1, max quantity of reserves in MW (optional)
0018 %   where nrz is the number of reserve zones and ngr is the number of
0019 %   generators belonging to at least one reserve zone and ng is the total
0020 %   number of generators.
0021 %
0022 %   The 'int2ext' callback also packages up results and stores them in
0023 %   the following output fields of results.reserves:
0024 %       R       - ng x 1, reserves provided by each gen in MW
0025 %       Rmin    - ng x 1, lower limit on reserves provided by each gen, (MW)
0026 %       Rmax    - ng x 1, upper limit on reserves provided by each gen, (MW)
0027 %       mu.l    - ng x 1, shadow price on reserve lower limit, ($/MW)
0028 %       mu.u    - ng x 1, shadow price on reserve upper limit, ($/MW)
0029 %       mu.Pmax - ng x 1, shadow price on Pg + R <= Pmax constraint, ($/MW)
0030 %       prc     - ng x 1, reserve price for each gen equal to maximum of the
0031 %                         shadow prices on the zonal requirement constraint
0032 %                         for each zone the generator belongs to
0033 %
0034 %   See also RUNOPF_W_RES, ADD_USERFCN, REMOVE_USERFCN, RUN_USERFCN,
0035 %   T_CASE30_USERFCNS.
0036 
0037 %   MATPOWER
0038 %   $Id: toggle_reserves.m 2430 2014-12-02 16:25:08Z ray $
0039 %   by Ray Zimmerman, PSERC Cornell
0040 %   Copyright (c) 2009-2010 by Power System Engineering Research Center (PSERC)
0041 %
0042 %   This file is part of MATPOWER.
0043 %   See http://www.pserc.cornell.edu/matpower/ for more info.
0044 %
0045 %   MATPOWER is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
0046 %   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
0047 %   by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
0048 %   or (at your option) any later version.
0049 %
0050 %   MATPOWER is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
0051 %   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
0052 %   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
0053 %   GNU General Public License for more details.
0054 %
0055 %   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
0056 %   along with MATPOWER. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
0057 %
0058 %   Additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7
0059 %
0060 %   If you modify MATPOWER, or any covered work, to interface with
0061 %   other modules (such as MATLAB code and MEX-files) available in a
0062 %   MATLAB(R) or comparable environment containing parts covered
0063 %   under other licensing terms, the licensors of MATPOWER grant
0064 %   you additional permission to convey the resulting work.
0065 
0066 if strcmp(upper(on_off), 'ON')
0067     %% check for proper reserve inputs
0068     if ~isfield(mpc, 'reserves') || ~isstruct(mpc.reserves) || ...
0069             ~isfield(mpc.reserves, 'zones') || ...
0070             ~isfield(mpc.reserves, 'req') || ...
0071             ~isfield(mpc.reserves, 'cost')
0072         error('toggle_reserves: case must contain a ''reserves'' field, a struct defining ''zones'', ''req'' and ''cost''');
0073     end
0074     
0075     %% add callback functions
0076     %% note: assumes all necessary data included in 1st arg (mpc, om, results)
0077     %%       so, no additional explicit args are needed
0078     mpc = add_userfcn(mpc, 'ext2int', @userfcn_reserves_ext2int);
0079     mpc = add_userfcn(mpc, 'formulation', @userfcn_reserves_formulation);
0080     mpc = add_userfcn(mpc, 'int2ext', @userfcn_reserves_int2ext);
0081     mpc = add_userfcn(mpc, 'printpf', @userfcn_reserves_printpf);
0082     mpc = add_userfcn(mpc, 'savecase', @userfcn_reserves_savecase);
0083     mpc.userfcn.status.reserves = 1;
0084 elseif strcmp(upper(on_off), 'OFF')
0085     mpc = remove_userfcn(mpc, 'savecase', @userfcn_reserves_savecase);
0086     mpc = remove_userfcn(mpc, 'printpf', @userfcn_reserves_printpf);
0087     mpc = remove_userfcn(mpc, 'int2ext', @userfcn_reserves_int2ext);
0088     mpc = remove_userfcn(mpc, 'formulation', @userfcn_reserves_formulation);
0089     mpc = remove_userfcn(mpc, 'ext2int', @userfcn_reserves_ext2int);
0090     mpc.userfcn.status.reserves = 0;
0091 elseif strcmp(upper(on_off), 'STATUS')
0092     if isfield(mpc, 'userfcn') && isfield(mpc.userfcn, 'status') && ...
0093             isfield(mpc.userfcn.status, 'reserves')
0094         mpc = mpc.userfcn.status.reserves;
0095     else
0096         mpc = 0;
0097     end
0098 else
0099     error('toggle_reserves: 2nd argument must be ''on'', ''off'' or ''status''');
0100 end
0101 
0102 
0103 %%-----  ext2int  ------------------------------------------------------
0104 function mpc = userfcn_reserves_ext2int(mpc, args)
0105 %
0106 %   mpc = userfcn_reserves_ext2int(mpc, args)
0107 %
0108 %   This is the 'ext2int' stage userfcn callback that prepares the input
0109 %   data for the formulation stage. It expects to find a 'reserves' field
0110 %   in mpc as described above. The optional args are not currently used.
0111 
0112 %% initialize some things
0113 r = mpc.reserves;
0114 o = mpc.order;
0115 ng0 = size(o.ext.gen, 1);   %% number of original gens (+ disp loads)
0116 nrz = size(r.req, 1);       %% number of reserve zones
0117 if nrz > 1
0118     mpc.reserves.rgens = any(r.zones);  %% mask of gens available to provide reserves
0119 else
0120     mpc.reserves.rgens = r.zones;
0121 end
0122 igr = find(mpc.reserves.rgens); %% indices of gens available to provide reserves
0123 ngr = length(igr);              %% number of gens available to provide reserves
0124 
0125 %% check data for consistent dimensions
0126 if size(r.zones, 1) ~= nrz
0127     error('userfcn_reserves_ext2int: the number of rows in mpc.reserves.req (%d) and mpc.reserves.zones (%d) must match', nrz, size(r.zones, 1));
0128 end
0129 if size(r.cost, 1) ~= ng0 && size(r.cost, 1) ~= ngr
0130     error('userfcn_reserves_ext2int: the number of rows in mpc.reserves.cost (%d) must equal the total number of generators (%d) or the number of generators able to provide reserves (%d)', size(r.cost, 1), ng0, ngr);
0131 end
0132 if isfield(r, 'qty') && size(r.qty, 1) ~= size(r.cost, 1)
0133     error('userfcn_reserves_ext2int: mpc.reserves.cost (%d x 1) and mpc.reserves.qty (%d x 1) must be the same dimension', size(r.cost, 1), size(r.qty, 1));
0134 end
0135 
0136 %% convert both cost and qty from ngr x 1 to full ng x 1 vectors if necessary
0137 if size(r.cost, 1) < ng0
0138     mpc.reserves.original.cost = r.cost;    %% save original
0139     cost = zeros(ng0, 1);
0140     cost(igr) = r.cost;
0141     mpc.reserves.cost = cost;
0142     if isfield(r, 'qty')
0143         mpc.reserves.original.qty = r.qty;  %% save original
0144         qty = zeros(ng0, 1);
0145         qty(igr) = r.qty;
0146         mpc.reserves.qty = qty;
0147     end
0148 end
0149 
0150 %%-----  convert stuff to internal indexing  -----
0151 %% convert all reserve parameters (zones, costs, qty, rgens)
0152 if isfield(r, 'qty')
0153     mpc = e2i_field(mpc, {'reserves', 'qty'}, 'gen');
0154 end
0155 mpc = e2i_field(mpc, {'reserves', 'cost'}, 'gen');
0156 mpc = e2i_field(mpc, {'reserves', 'zones'}, 'gen', 2);
0157 mpc = e2i_field(mpc, {'reserves', 'rgens'}, 'gen', 2);
0158 
0159 %% save indices of gens available to provide reserves
0160 mpc.order.ext.reserves.igr = igr;               %% external indexing
0161 mpc.reserves.igr = find(mpc.reserves.rgens);    %% internal indexing
0162 
0163 
0164 %%-----  formulation  --------------------------------------------------
0165 function om = userfcn_reserves_formulation(om, args)
0166 %
0167 %   om = userfcn_reserves_formulation(om, args)
0168 %
0169 %   This is the 'formulation' stage userfcn callback that defines the
0170 %   user costs and constraints for fixed reserves. It expects to find
0171 %   a 'reserves' field in the mpc stored in om, as described above.
0172 %   By the time it is passed to this callback, mpc.reserves should
0173 %   have two additional fields:
0174 %       igr     1 x ngr, indices of generators available for reserves
0175 %       rgens   1 x ng, 1 if gen avaiable for reserves, 0 otherwise
0176 %   It is also assumed that if cost or qty were ngr x 1, they have been
0177 %   expanded to ng x 1 and that everything has been converted to
0178 %   internal indexing, i.e. all gens are on-line (by the 'ext2int'
0179 %   callback). The optional args are not currently used.
0180 
0181 %% define named indices into data matrices
0182 [GEN_BUS, PG, QG, QMAX, QMIN, VG, MBASE, GEN_STATUS, PMAX, PMIN, ...
0183     MU_PMAX, MU_PMIN, MU_QMAX, MU_QMIN, PC1, PC2, QC1MIN, QC1MAX, ...
0184     QC2MIN, QC2MAX, RAMP_AGC, RAMP_10, RAMP_30, RAMP_Q, APF] = idx_gen;
0185 
0186 %% initialize some things
0187 mpc = get_mpc(om);
0188 r = mpc.reserves;
0189 igr = r.igr;                %% indices of gens available to provide reserves
0190 ngr = length(igr);          %% number of gens available to provide reserves
0191 ng  = size(mpc.gen, 1);     %% number of on-line gens (+ disp loads)
0192 
0193 %% variable bounds
0194 Rmin = zeros(ngr, 1);               %% bound below by 0
0195 Rmax = Inf * ones(ngr, 1);          %% bound above by ...
0196 k = find(mpc.gen(igr, RAMP_10));
0197 Rmax(k) = mpc.gen(igr(k), RAMP_10); %% ... ramp rate and ...
0198 if isfield(r, 'qty')
0199     k = find(r.qty(igr) < Rmax);
0200     Rmax(k) = r.qty(igr(k));        %% ... stated max reserve qty
0201 end
0202 Rmax = Rmax / mpc.baseMVA;
0203 
0204 %% constraints
0205 I = speye(ngr);                     %% identity matrix
0206 Ar = [sparse(1:ngr, igr, 1, ngr, ng) I];
0207 ur = mpc.gen(igr, PMAX) / mpc.baseMVA;
0208 lreq = r.req / mpc.baseMVA;
0209 
0210 %% cost
0211 Cw = r.cost(igr) * mpc.baseMVA;     %% per unit cost coefficients
0212 
0213 %% add them to the model
0214 om = add_vars(om, 'R', ngr, [], Rmin, Rmax);
0215 om = add_constraints(om, 'Pg_plus_R', Ar, [], ur, {'Pg', 'R'});
0216 om = add_constraints(om, 'Rreq', r.zones(:, igr), lreq, [], {'R'});
0217 om = add_costs(om, 'Rcost', struct('N', I, 'Cw', Cw), {'R'});
0218 
0219 
0220 %%-----  int2ext  ------------------------------------------------------
0221 function results = userfcn_reserves_int2ext(results, args)
0222 %
0223 %   results = userfcn_reserves_int2ext(results, args)
0224 %
0225 %   This is the 'int2ext' stage userfcn callback that converts everything
0226 %   back to external indexing and packages up the results. It expects to
0227 %   find a 'reserves' field in the results struct as described for mpc
0228 %   above, including the two additional fields 'igr' and 'rgens'. It also
0229 %   expects the results to contain a variable 'R' and linear constraints
0230 %   'Pg_plus_R' and 'Rreq' which are used to populate output fields in
0231 %   results.reserves. The optional args are not currently used.
0232 
0233 %% initialize some things
0234 r = results.reserves;
0235 
0236 %% grab some info in internal indexing order
0237 igr = r.igr;                %% indices of gens available to provide reserves
0238 ng  = size(results.gen, 1); %% number of on-line gens (+ disp loads)
0239 
0240 %%-----  convert stuff back to external indexing  -----
0241 %% convert all reserve parameters (zones, costs, qty, rgens)
0242 if isfield(r, 'qty')
0243     results = i2e_field(results, {'reserves', 'qty'}, 'gen');
0244 end
0245 results = i2e_field(results, {'reserves', 'cost'}, 'gen');
0246 results = i2e_field(results, {'reserves', 'zones'}, 'gen', 2);
0247 results = i2e_field(results, {'reserves', 'rgens'}, 'gen', 2);
0248 results.order.int.reserves.igr = results.reserves.igr;  %% save internal version
0249 results.reserves.igr = results.order.ext.reserves.igr;  %% use external version
0250 r = results.reserves;       %% update
0251 o = results.order;          %% update
0252 
0253 %% grab same info in external indexing order
0254 igr0 = r.igr;               %% indices of gens available to provide reserves
0255 ng0  = size(o.ext.gen, 1);  %% number of gens (+ disp loads)
0256 
0257 %%-----  results post-processing  -----
0258 %% get the results (per gen reserves, multipliers) with internal gen indexing
0259 %% and convert from p.u. to per MW units
0260 [R0, Rl, Ru] = getv(results.om, 'R');
0261 R       = zeros(ng, 1);
0262 Rmin    = zeros(ng, 1);
0263 Rmax    = zeros(ng, 1);
0264 mu_l    = zeros(ng, 1);
0265 mu_u    = zeros(ng, 1);
0266 mu_Pmax = zeros(ng, 1);
0267 R(igr)       = results.var.val.R * results.baseMVA;
0268 Rmin(igr)    = Rl * results.baseMVA;
0269 Rmax(igr)    = Ru * results.baseMVA;
0270 mu_l(igr)    = results.var.mu.l.R / results.baseMVA;
0271 mu_u(igr)    = results.var.mu.u.R / results.baseMVA;
0272 mu_Pmax(igr) = results.lin.mu.u.Pg_plus_R / results.baseMVA;
0273 
0274 %% store in results in results struct
0275 z = zeros(ng0, 1);
0276 results.reserves.R       = i2e_data(results, R, z, 'gen');
0277 results.reserves.Rmin    = i2e_data(results, Rmin, z, 'gen');
0278 results.reserves.Rmax    = i2e_data(results, Rmax, z, 'gen');
0279 results.reserves.mu.l    = i2e_data(results, mu_l, z, 'gen');
0280 results.reserves.mu.u    = i2e_data(results, mu_u, z, 'gen');
0281 results.reserves.mu.Pmax = i2e_data(results, mu_Pmax, z, 'gen');
0282 results.reserves.prc     = z;
0283 for k = igr0
0284     iz = find(r.zones(:, k));
0285     results.reserves.prc(k) = sum(results.lin.mu.l.Rreq(iz)) / results.baseMVA;
0286 end
0287 results.reserves.totalcost = results.cost.Rcost;
0288 
0289 %% replace ng x 1 cost, qty with ngr x 1 originals
0290 if isfield(r, 'original')
0291     if isfield(r, 'qty')
0292         results.reserves.qty = r.original.qty;
0293     end
0294     results.reserves.cost = r.original.cost;
0295     results.reserves = rmfield(results.reserves, 'original');
0296 end
0297 
0298 
0299 %%-----  printpf  ------------------------------------------------------
0300 function results = userfcn_reserves_printpf(results, fd, mpopt, args)
0301 %
0302 %   results = userfcn_reserves_printpf(results, fd, mpopt, args)
0303 %
0304 %   This is the 'printpf' stage userfcn callback that pretty-prints the
0305 %   results. It expects a results struct, a file descriptor and a MATPOWER
0306 %   options struct. The optional args are not currently used.
0307 
0308 %% define named indices into data matrices
0309 [GEN_BUS, PG, QG, QMAX, QMIN, VG, MBASE, GEN_STATUS, PMAX, PMIN, ...
0310     MU_PMAX, MU_PMIN, MU_QMAX, MU_QMIN, PC1, PC2, QC1MIN, QC1MAX, ...
0311     QC2MIN, QC2MAX, RAMP_AGC, RAMP_10, RAMP_30, RAMP_Q, APF] = idx_gen;
0312 
0313 %%-----  print results  -----
0314 r = results.reserves;
0315 nrz = size(r.req, 1);
0316 isOPF           = isfield(results, 'f') && ~isempty(results.f);
0317 SUPPRESS        = mpopt.out.suppress_detail;
0318 if SUPPRESS == -1
0319     if size(results.bus, 1) > 500
0320         SUPPRESS = 1;
0321     else
0322         SUPPRESS = 0;
0323     end
0324 end
0325 OUT_ALL         = mpopt.out.all;
0326 OUT_FORCE       = mpopt.out.force;
0327 OUT_RES         = OUT_ALL == 1 || (OUT_ALL == -1 && ~SUPPRESS && (mpopt.out.bus || mpopt.out.gen));
0328 
0329 if isOPF && OUT_RES && (results.success || OUT_FORCE)
0330     fprintf(fd, '\n================================================================================');
0331     fprintf(fd, '\n|     Reserves                                                                 |');
0332     fprintf(fd, '\n================================================================================');
0333     fprintf(fd, '\n Gen   Bus   Status  Reserves   Price');
0334     fprintf(fd, '\n  #     #              (MW)     ($/MW)     Included in Zones ...');
0335     fprintf(fd, '\n----  -----  ------  --------  --------   ------------------------');
0336     for k = r.igr
0337         iz = find(r.zones(:, k));
0338         fprintf(fd, '\n%3d %6d     %2d ', k, results.gen(k, GEN_BUS), results.gen(k, GEN_STATUS));
0339         if results.gen(k, GEN_STATUS) > 0 && abs(results.reserves.R(k)) > 1e-6
0340             fprintf(fd, '%10.2f', results.reserves.R(k));
0341         else
0342             fprintf(fd, '       -  ');
0343         end
0344         fprintf(fd, '%10.2f     ', results.reserves.prc(k));
0345         for i = 1:length(iz)
0346             if i ~= 1
0347                 fprintf(fd, ', ');
0348             end
0349             fprintf(fd, '%d', iz(i));
0350         end
0351     end
0352     fprintf(fd, '\n                     --------');
0353     fprintf(fd, '\n            Total:%10.2f              Total Cost: $%.2f', ...
0354         sum(results.reserves.R(r.igr)), results.reserves.totalcost);
0355     fprintf(fd, '\n');
0356     
0357     fprintf(fd, '\nZone  Reserves   Price  ');
0358     fprintf(fd, '\n  #     (MW)     ($/MW) ');
0359     fprintf(fd, '\n----  --------  --------');
0360     for k = 1:nrz
0361         iz = find(r.zones(k, :));     %% gens in zone k
0362         fprintf(fd, '\n%3d%10.2f%10.2f', k, sum(results.reserves.R(iz)), ...
0363                     results.lin.mu.l.Rreq(k) / results.baseMVA);
0364     end
0365     fprintf(fd, '\n');
0366     
0367     fprintf(fd, '\n================================================================================');
0368     fprintf(fd, '\n|     Reserve Limits                                                           |');
0369     fprintf(fd, '\n================================================================================');
0370     fprintf(fd, '\n Gen   Bus   Status  Rmin mu     Rmin    Reserves    Rmax    Rmax mu   Pmax mu ');
0371     fprintf(fd, '\n  #     #             ($/MW)     (MW)      (MW)      (MW)     ($/MW)    ($/MW) ');
0372     fprintf(fd, '\n----  -----  ------  --------  --------  --------  --------  --------  --------');
0373     for k = r.igr
0374         fprintf(fd, '\n%3d %6d     %2d ', k, results.gen(k, GEN_BUS), results.gen(k, GEN_STATUS));
0375         if results.gen(k, GEN_STATUS) > 0 && results.reserves.mu.l(k) > 1e-6
0376             fprintf(fd, '%10.2f', results.reserves.mu.l(k));
0377         else
0378             fprintf(fd, '       -  ');
0379         end
0380         fprintf(fd, '%10.2f', results.reserves.Rmin(k));
0381         if results.gen(k, GEN_STATUS) > 0 && abs(results.reserves.R(k)) > 1e-6
0382             fprintf(fd, '%10.2f', results.reserves.R(k));
0383         else
0384             fprintf(fd, '       -  ');
0385         end
0386         fprintf(fd, '%10.2f', results.reserves.Rmax(k));
0387         if results.gen(k, GEN_STATUS) > 0 && results.reserves.mu.u(k) > 1e-6
0388             fprintf(fd, '%10.2f', results.reserves.mu.u(k));
0389         else
0390             fprintf(fd, '       -  ');
0391         end
0392         if results.gen(k, GEN_STATUS) > 0 && results.reserves.mu.Pmax(k) > 1e-6
0393             fprintf(fd, '%10.2f', results.reserves.mu.Pmax(k));
0394         else
0395             fprintf(fd, '       -  ');
0396         end
0397     end
0398     fprintf(fd, '\n                                         --------');
0399     fprintf(fd, '\n                                Total:%10.2f', sum(results.reserves.R(r.igr)));
0400     fprintf(fd, '\n');
0401 end
0402 
0403 
0404 %%-----  savecase  -----------------------------------------------------
0405 function mpc = userfcn_reserves_savecase(mpc, fd, prefix, args)
0406 %
0407 %   mpc = userfcn_reserves_savecase(mpc, fd, mpopt, args)
0408 %
0409 %   This is the 'savecase' stage userfcn callback that prints the M-file
0410 %   code to save the 'reserves' field in the case file. It expects a
0411 %   MATPOWER case struct (mpc), a file descriptor and variable prefix
0412 %   (usually 'mpc.'). The optional args are not currently used.
0413 
0414 r = mpc.reserves;
0415 
0416 fprintf(fd, '\n%%%%-----  Reserve Data  -----%%%%\n');
0417 fprintf(fd, '%%%% reserve zones, element i, j is 1 if gen j is in zone i, 0 otherwise\n');
0418 fprintf(fd, '%sreserves.zones = [\n', prefix);
0419 template = '';
0420 for i = 1:size(r.zones, 2)
0421     template = [template, '\t%d'];
0422 end
0423 template = [template, ';\n'];
0424 fprintf(fd, template, r.zones.');
0425 fprintf(fd, '];\n');
0426 
0427 fprintf(fd, '\n%%%% reserve requirements for each zone in MW\n');
0428 fprintf(fd, '%sreserves.req = [\t%g', prefix, r.req(1));
0429 if length(r.req) > 1
0430     fprintf(fd, ';\t%g', r.req(2:end));
0431 end
0432 fprintf(fd, '\t];\n');
0433 
0434 fprintf(fd, '\n%%%% reserve costs in $/MW for each gen that belongs to at least 1 zone\n');
0435 fprintf(fd, '%%%% (same order as gens, but skipping any gen that does not belong to any zone)\n');
0436 fprintf(fd, '%sreserves.cost = [\t%g', prefix, r.cost(1));
0437 if length(r.cost) > 1
0438     fprintf(fd, ';\t%g', r.cost(2:end));
0439 end
0440 fprintf(fd, '\t];\n');
0441 
0442 if isfield(r, 'qty')
0443     fprintf(fd, '\n%%%% OPTIONAL max reserve quantities for each gen that belongs to at least 1 zone\n');
0444     fprintf(fd, '%%%% (same order as gens, but skipping any gen that does not belong to any zone)\n');
0445     fprintf(fd, '%sreserves.qty = [\t%g', prefix, r.qty(1));
0446     if length(r.qty) > 1
0447         fprintf(fd, ';\t%g', r.qty(2:end));
0448     end
0449     fprintf(fd, '\t];\n');
0450 end
0451 
0452 %% save output fields for solved case
0453 if isfield(r, 'R')
0454     if exist('serialize', 'file') == 2
0455         fprintf(fd, '\n%%%% solved values\n');
0456         fprintf(fd, '%sreserves.R = %s\n', prefix, serialize(r.R));
0457         fprintf(fd, '%sreserves.Rmin = %s\n', prefix, serialize(r.Rmin));
0458         fprintf(fd, '%sreserves.Rmax = %s\n', prefix, serialize(r.Rmax));
0459         fprintf(fd, '%sreserves.mu.l = %s\n', prefix, serialize(r.mu.l));
0460         fprintf(fd, '%sreserves.mu.u = %s\n', prefix, serialize(r.mu.u));
0461         fprintf(fd, '%sreserves.prc = %s\n', prefix, serialize(r.prc));
0462         fprintf(fd, '%sreserves.totalcost = %s\n', prefix, serialize(r.totalcost));
0463     else
0464         url = 'http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/12063';
0465         warning('MATPOWER:serialize', ...
0466             'userfcn_reserves_savecase: Cannot save the ''reserves'' output fields without the ''serialize'' function, which is available as a free download from:\n<%s>\n\n', url);
0467     end
0468 end
toggle_reserves

PURPOSE

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

CROSS-REFERENCE INFORMATION

SUBFUNCTIONS

SOURCE CODE
